The traditional production of butyl acetate (BA) has the problems of low equilibrium conversion rate and high energy consumption of product separation and purification. In this work, the production processes of BA by transesterification and esterification were simulated. Taking the annual total cost as the objective function, the process parameters of the two processes were optimized by the sequential iterative optimization method. The analysis showed that the total annual costs (TACs) of the two processes with an annual output of 3.46 x 10(4) t of the product are 4.45 x 10(6) $/year and 1.75 x 10(6) $/year, respectively. Compared with the esterification process, the transesterification process has a higher economic performance. Under the optimal economic conditions, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) technology is used to optimize the total exergy loss and carbon emission. When the exergy loss rate is the lowest (exergy loss rate = 68.52%), the carbon emission is 1210.8286 kg/h. When the carbon emission is the lowest (carbon emission = 1210.8221 kg/h), the exergy loss rate is 68.53% accordingly. The comprehensive analysis and optimization results provide theoretical guidance for the green and sustainable development of the BA production.