화재로부터 연소성 물질에 대한 연기위험성 및 연기위험성 등급 평가

정영진; 진 의; 유지선; Yeong-Jin Chung; Eui Jin; Ji Sun You

Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.32, No.2, 197-204, April, 2021

DOI10.14478/ace.2021.1016 Export Citation

화재로부터 연소성 물질에 대한 연기위험성 및 연기위험성 등급 평가

Evaluation of Smoke Risk and Smoke Risk Rating for Combustible Substances from Fire

정영진^†, 진 의¹, 유지선¹

강원대학교 소방방재공학과
¹강원대학교 소방방재연구센터

Yeong-Jin Chung^†, Eui Jin¹, and Ji Sun You¹

Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Korea
¹Fire & Disaster Prevention Research Center, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Korea

E-mail:

초록

본 연구는 건축용 자재인 목재 및 플라스틱의 연기 위험성 평가에 대하여 새로 고안된 연기성능지수-V (smoke performance index-V, SPI-V), 연기성장지수-V (smoke growth index-V, SGI-V), 연기위험성지수-VI (smoke risk index-VI, SRI-VI)를 중심으로 조사하였다. 시험편은 가문비나무, 나왕, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC)를 사용하였다. 연기 특성은 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1) 장비를 사용하여 시험편에 대하여 측정하였다. 연소반응 후 측정된 연기성능지수-V는 PMMA를 기준으로 1.0~3.4로 나타났다. 연기성능지수-V에 의한 연기위험성은 PC, 가문비나무, 나왕과 PMMA 순서로 증가하였다. 나왕과 PMMA는 유사한 값으로 나타났다. 연기성장지수-V는 PMMA를 기준으로 1.0~9.2 로 나타났다. 연기성장지수-V에 의한 연기위험성은 PMMA, PC, 가문비나무, 나왕의 순서로 증가하였다. 모든 시편의 CO 피크 발생속도는 0.0021~0.0067 g/s로 측정되었다. 결론적으로 연소가 용이한 물질은 연기성능지수-V가 낮고, 연기 성장지수-V가 높기 때문에 화재로 인한 연기위험성이 높은 것으로 이해된다. 이는 총괄적으로 연기위험성지수-VI로 정리된다.

This study investigated the smoke risk assessment of woods and plastics for construction materials, focusing on the smoke performance index-V (SPI-V), smoke growth index-V (SGI-V), and smoke risk index-VI (SRI-VI) according to a newly designed methodology. Spruce, Lauan, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polycarbonate (PC) were used for test pieces. Smoke characteristics of the materials were measured using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) equipment. The smoke performance index-V calculated after the combustion reaction was found to be 1.0 to 3.4 based on PMMA. Smoke risk by smoke performance index-V was increased in the order of PC, Spruce, Lauan and PMMA. Lauan and PMMA showed similar values. The smoke growth index-V was found to be 1.0 to 9.2 based on PMMA. Smoke risk by smoke growth index-V increased in the order of PMMA, PC, Spruce, and Lauan. COpeak production rates of all specimens were measured between 0.0021 to 0.0067 g/s. In conclusion, materials with a low smoke performance index-V and a high smoke growth index-V cause a high smoke risk from fire. Therefore, it is understood that the smoke risk from fire is high. It is collectively summarized by the smoke risk index-VI.

Keywords:Wood;Plastic;Smoke performance index-V (SPI-V);Smoke growth index-V (SGI-V);Smoke risk index-V (SRI-VI)

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[2] Park HJ, Kim H, Ha DM, J. KOSOS., 20, 98 (2005)

[3] Grexa O, Flame retardant treated wood products, The Proceedings of Wood & Fire Safety (part one), 101-110 (2000).

[4] Vahabi H, Kandola BK, Saeb MR, Polymers, 11, 407 (2019)

[5] Sonnier R, Viretto A, Dumazert L, Gallard B, Combust. Flame, 169, 1 (2016)

[6] Lyon RE, Janssens ML, Washington DC, USA (2005).

[7] White RH, Dietenberger MA, Forest Product Laboratory U.S.D.A., Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1999).

[8] Shen G, Tao S, Wei S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang B, Li W, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8123 (2012)

[9] Ding J, Zhong J, Yang Y, Li B, Shen G, Su Y, Wang C, et al., Environ. Pollution, 169, 160 (2012)

[10] Shi L, Chew MYL, Fire Saf. J., 61, 243 (2013)

[11] ISO 5660-1, Genever, Switzerland (2015).

[12] Tawiah B, Yu B, Yuen BKK, Hu Y, Wei R, Xin JH, Fei B, Carbon, 150, 8 (2019)

[13] Yan L, Xu Z, Deng N, Progress in Organic Coatings, 135, 123 (2019).

[14] Fateh T, Rogaume T, Luche J, Richard F, Jabou F, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 107, 87 (2014)

[15] Chung YJ, Jin E, Appl. Chem. Eng., 29(6), 670 (2018)

[16] Chung YJ, Jin E, Appl. Chem. Eng., 31(3), 277 (2020)

[17] Simpso WT, Forest Product Laboratory U.S.D.A., Forest Service Ma- dison, Wisconsin, USA (1987).

[18] Woo TY, You JS, Chung YJ, Fire Sci. Eng., 31, 37 (2017)

[19] Silva DJ, Wiebeck H, Polimeros, 29, 1 (2019)

[20] Liu Y, Fan B, Hamon AL, He D, Bai J, HAL, 2, 21 (2020)

[21] Chung YJ, J. Kor. Forest Soc., 99, 96 (2010)

[22] Quintire JG, Principles of fire behavior, Chap. 5, Cengage Learning, Delmar, USA (1998).

[23] Chung YJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(1), 15 (2010)

[24] Pearce FM, Khanna YP, Raucher D, Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Academic press, New York, USA (1981).

[25] Spearpoint MJ, Quintiere JG, Fire Safety J., 36, 391 (2001)

[26] Babraskas V, Ignition of Wood: A Review of the State of the Art. Interflam 2001, 71-88, Interscience Communications Ltd., London (2001).

[27] Chirco AD, Armanini M, Chini P, Cioccoho G, Provasoli F, Audiso G, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 79, 139 (2002)

[28] Dehaan JD, Kirk’s Fire Investigation (Fifth Ed.), 84-112, Pearson, London, England (2002).

[29] Babrauskas V, Fire Mater., 8, 81 (1984)

[30] Jiao C, Chen X, Zhang J, J. Fire Sci., 27, 465 (2009)

[31] Fateh T, Rogaume T, Luche J, Richard F, Jabouille F, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 107, 87 (2014)

[32] Luche J, Rogaume T, Richard F, Guillaume E, Fire Saf. J., 46, 451 (2011)

[33] MSHA, Carbon Monoxide, U. S. Department of Labor, USA (2015).