N-isopropyl acrylamide/sodium acrylate hydrogel as draw agent for forward osmosis to concentrate esterification wastewater

Yan Le; Yanbin Yun; Manxiang Wang; Wenli Liu; Shuangshuang Dong; Kai Yang; Syed Taj Ud Din; Woochul Yang; Guicheng Liu

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.38, No.5, 975-981, May, 2021

DOI10.1007/s11814-021-0779-3 Export Citation

N-isopropyl acrylamide/sodium acrylate hydrogel as draw agent for forward osmosis to concentrate esterification wastewater

Yan Le, Yanbin Yun^†, Manxiang Wang^{1, †}, Wenli Liu, Shuangshuang Dong, Kai Yang¹, Syed Taj Ud Din¹, Woochul Yang¹, and Guicheng Liu^{1, †}

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
¹Department of Physics, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea

E-mail:, ,

In recent years, a temperature-sensitive hydrogel was reported as a promising draw agent in forward osmosis (FO) technology. PEG, acts as porogen, as an enabler to improve the swelling property of hydrogels. From FO test, the addition of porogen to the hydrogel can improve the water flux of FO by increasing the swelling properties of the hydrogel. And the hydrogel modified with porogen improves the concentration efficiency of wastewater from 1.09 to 1.124 times, indicating that the modification of the hydrogel by the porogen has positive significance for FO technology. In this study, an advanced hydrogel was synthesized via physical copolymerization by using N-isopropylacrylamide and sodium acrylate. The internal structure was investigated by SEM test where it was found that that porogens have different mechanisms of action on hydrogel performance: Porogen affects the swelling property of hydrogel by changing the internal network structure through physical “occupation”. The effect of porogen concentration is to act on the porosity of hydrogel, while the main effect of the molecular weight of porogen on the hydrogel structure is by altering the pore size.

Keywords:N-isopropyl Acrylamide;Thermosensitive Hydrogel;Sodium Acrylate;Forward Osmosis;Draw Agent;Porogen

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[2] Li M, Wang H, Hu J, Hu J, Zhang S, Yang Z, Li Y, Cheng Y, Chem. Mater., 31(18), 7678 (2019)

[3] Li X, Su X, J. Mater. Chem. B, 6, 4714 (2018)

[4] Wang Y, Dong C, Zhang D, Ren P, Li L, Li X, Int. J. Min. Met. Mater., 22, 998 (2015)

[5] James R, Laurencin CT, Rare Metals, 34, 143 (2015)

[6] Duan JJ, Zhang LN, Chin. J. Polym. Sci., 35, 1165 (2017)

[7] Corpart JM, Candau F, Macromolecules, 26, 1333 (1993)

[8] Begam T, Nagpal AK, Singhal R, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89(3), 779 (2003)

[9] Li X, Li Q, Xu X, Su Y, Yue Q, Gao B, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. E, 60, 564 (2016)

[10] Lin YK, Sharma R, Ma H, Chen WS, Yao CL, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. E., 20, 1 (2017)

[11] Fucinos C, Fucinos P, Miguez M, Katime I, Pastrana LM, Rua ML, Plos One, 9, e87190 (2014)

[12] Wang W, Guo Y, Liu M, Song X, Duan J, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 37(9), 1573 (2020)

[13] Yang Q, Lei J, SunDD, Chen D, Sep. Purif. Rev., 45, 93 (2016)

[14] Chekli L, Phuntsho S, Shon HK, Vigneswaran S, Kandasamy J, Chanan A, Desalin. Water Treat., 43, 167 (2012)

[15] Mansouri S, Khalili S, Peyravi M, Jahanshahi M, Darabi RR, Ardeshiri F, Rad AS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(11), 2256 (2018)

[16] Li D, Zhang X, Yao J, Simon GP, Wang H, Chem. Commun, 47, 1710 (2011)

[17] Ou RW, Wang YQ, Wang HT, Xu TW, Desalination, 318, 48 (2013)

[18] Ge Q, Su J, Amy GL, Chung TS, Water Res., 46, 1318 (2012)

[19] Li D, Wang H, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 14049 (2013)

[20] Shakeri A, Nakhjiri MT, Salehi H, Ghorbani F, Khankeshipour N, J. Water Process Eng., 24, 42 (2018)

[21] Cai Y, Shen W, Loo SL, Krantz WB, Wang R, Fane AG, Hu X, Water Res., 47, 3773 (2013)

[22] Kabiri K, Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 289, 653 (2004)

[23] Li D, Zhang X, Yao J, Zeng Y, Simon GP, Wang H, Soft Matter, 7, 10048 (2011)

[24] Sun ST, Wu PY, Macromolecules, 43(22), 9501 (2010)

[25] Kousar F, Malana MA, Chughtai AH, Khan MS, Polym. Bull., 75(3), 1275 (2018)

[26] Saikia AK, Aggarwal S, Mandal UK, J. Polym. Res., 20, 1 (2013)

[27] Nguyen TPN, Yun ET, Kim IC, Kwon YN, J. Membr. Sci., 433, 49 (2013)

[28] Li G, Li XM, He T, Jiang B, Gao CJ, Desalin. Water Treat., 51, 2656 (2013)

[29] Dong S, Yun Y, Wang M, Li C, Fu H, Li X, Yang W, Liu G, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. E., 117, 56 (2021)

[30] Li B, Yun Y, Wang M, Li C, Yang W, Li J, Liu G, Desalination, 500, 114889 (2021)

[31] Bao Y, Ma JZ, Li N, Carbohydr. Polym., 84, 76 (2011)

[32] Zeng Y, Ling Q, Wang K, Yao JF, Li D, Simon GP, Wang R, Wang H, RSC Adv., 3, 887 (2013)