This paper mainly introduces the Ph-Fe/RDX(HMX) composite microspheres prepared by ultrasonic spray drying. Their morphology was observed by SEM and found that the composite microspheres were spherical. Also, the composite microspheres exhibited good dispersion. The results of the granularity data show that the D-50 data of Ph-Fe/RDX and Ph-Fe/HMX were 580.78 nm and 496.52 nm, respectively. The DSC data showed that the catalytic effect of the composite microspheres was significantly better than that of the mixed powder. The DSC data showed that the decomposition peak temperature of the Ph-Fe/RDX(HMX) composite microsphere was 229.6 degrees C (279.6) lower than the 235.6 degrees C (284.3) of the mixed powder. The DSC data demonstrated that the catalytic performance of the composite microspheres was significantly better than that of the mixed powder. Therefore, the ultrasonic spray drying method has great potential for preparing energetic composite microspheres.