Atomic chains, precise structures of atomic scale created on an atomically regulated Substrate surface, are candidates for future electronics. A doping scheme for intrinsic semiconducting Mg chains is considered. In order to suppress the unwanted Anderson localization and minimize the deformation of the original band shape, atomic modulation doping is considered, which is to place dopant atoms beside the chain periodically. Group I atoms are donors, and group VI or VII atoms are accepters. As long as the lattice constant is long so that the s-p band crossing has not occurred, whether dopant atoms behave as donors or accepters is closely related to the energy level alignment of isolated atomic levels. Band structures are calculated for Br (p-type) and Cs-doped (n type) Mg chains using the tight-binding theory with universal parameters, and it is shown that the band deformation is minimized and only the Fermi energy position is modified.