Facile preparation of an oxygen-functionalized carbon felt electrode to improve VO2+/VO2 + redox chemistry in vanadium redox flow batteries

Soyeon Kwon; Yustian Suharto; Ki Jae Kim

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.98, 231-236, June, 2021

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.049 Export Citation

Facile preparation of an oxygen-functionalized carbon felt electrode to improve VO2+/VO2 + redox chemistry in vanadium redox flow batteries

Soyeon Kwon, Yustian Suharto, and Ki Jae Kim^†

Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea

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Herein, a new method for the facile introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups on a carbon felt electrode in a short treatment time has been proposed for application in a vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) can produce free radicals by attacking the C=C bonds or C-H bonds of the carbon felt. The generated unstable free radicals allow further reactions with oxygen to yield oxygen- containing functional groups on the surface of the carbon felt electrode. The electrochemical performance of the BPO-treated carbon felt electrode toward the VO2+/VO2 + redox reaction was superior to that of the pristine carbon felt electrode. Therefore, the VRFB cell employing the BPO treated carbon felt electrode showed an outstanding energy efficiency of 75% at a current density of 100 mA cm-2. This improvement is attributed to the well-known electrocatalytic effects of the oxygen- functionalized surface properties of the BPO-treated carbon felt electrode.

Keywords:Oxygen-containing functional group;Carbon felt electrode;Benzoyl peroxide;Free radical;VRFB

[References]

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[1] Zhong S, Padeste C, Kazacos M, Skyllas-Kazacos M, J. Power Sources, 45, 29 (1993)

[2] Kim KJ, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Park MS, Mater. Chem. Phys., 131(1-2), 547 (2011)

[3] Kaneko H, Nozaki K, Wada Y, Aoki T, Negishi A, Kamimoto M, Electrochim. Acta, 36, 1191 (1991)

[4] Zhong S, Kazacos M, Burford RP, Skyllas-Kazacos M, J. Power Sources, 36, 29 (1991)

[5] Haddadiasl V, Kazacos M, Skyllaskazacos M, J. Appl. Electrochem., 25(1), 29 (1995)

[6] Sum E, Rychcik M, Skyllas-kazacos M, J. Power Sources, 16, 85 (1985)

[7] Sun B, Skyllas-Kazacos M, Electrochim. Acta, 37, 1253 (1992)

[8] Jiang Y, Cheng G, Li Y, He Z, Zhu J, Meng W, Dai L, Wang L, Chem. Eng. J., 415, 129014 (2021)

[9] Kaneti YV, Zhang J, He YB, Wang Z, Tanaka S, Hossain MSA, Pan ZZ, Xiang B, Yang QH, Yamauchi Y, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 15356 (2017)

[10] Wang C, Kim J, Tang J, Kim M, Lim H, Malgras V, You J, Xu Q, Li J, Yamauchi Y, Chem, 6, 19 (2020)

[11] Sun B, Skyllas-Kazacos M, Electrochim. Acta, 37, 2459 (1992)

[12] Tian R, Wang XB, Li MJ, Hu HT, Chen R, Liu FM, Zheng H, Wan L, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255(5), 3294 (2008)

[13] Kim KJ, Lee SW, Yim T, Kim JG, Choi JW, Kim JH, Park MS, Kim YJ, Sci. Rep., 4, 6906 (2014)

[14] Ying Y, Saini RK, Liang F, Sadana AK, Billups WE, Org. Lett., 5, 1471 (2003)

[15] Peng H, Reverdy P, Khabashesku VN, Margrave JL, Chem. Commun., 362 (2003).

[16] Gao G, Liu D, Tang S, Huang C, He M, Guo Y, Sun X, Gao B, Sci. Rep., 6, 20034 (2016)

[17] Han P, Wang H, Liu Z, Chen X, Ma W, Yao J, Zhu Y, Cui G, Carbon, 49, 693 (2011)

[18] Stankovich S, Piner RD, Chen X, Wu N, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 155 (2006)

[19] Yumitori S, J. Mater. Sci., 35(1), 139 (2000)

[20] Yue L, Li W, Sun F, Zhao L, Xing L, Carbon, 48, 3079 (2010)

[21] Nozaki K, Bartlett PD, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 1686 (1946)

[22] Bard AJ, Faulkner LR, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, Second ed., Wiley, New York, 2001.

[23] Flox C, Rubio-Garcia J, Nafria R, Zamani R, Skoumal M, Andreu T, Arbiol J, Cabot A, Morante JR, Carbon, 50, 2372 (2012)