Soil column studies were used to evaluate petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) remediation in soils from Kwajalein Atoll. Treatments included controls, and combinations of water, air, nutrients, and bioaugmentation with indigenous microbes (W, A, N, and M, respectively). Microbial colony forming units (CFU) decreased in the control columns and in treatments without air. Treatments including W + A + N and W + A + N + M exhibited increased CFU. One third of the PHC was removed by water and another third was removed by W + A + N and W + A + N + M treatments. Bioaugmentation with indigenous PHC degraders did not enhance bioremediation. Potential for bioremediation was demonstrated by air, water, and nutrient amendments.