Fabrication & characterization of novel conductive nanomaterial, CaxCr0.5-xMg0.5Fe2O4

Sumaira Nosheen; Sadia Sagar Iqbal; Ali Bahadar; Nazia Hossain; Tasawar Shahzad

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.38, No.12, 2536-2540, December, 2021

DOI10.1007/s11814-021-0946-6 Export Citation

Fabrication & characterization of novel conductive nanomaterial, CaxCr0.5-xMg0.5Fe2O4

Sumaira Nosheen^{1, 2}, Sadia Sagar Iqbal³, Ali Bahadar⁴, Nazia Hossain^{5, †}, and Tasawar Shahzad³

¹Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Pakistan, Korea
²PITMAEM, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road Lahore, Pakistan
³Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Pakistan
⁴Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
⁵School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia

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A novel conductive nano material, nano spinel ferrites having the composition of calcium chromium magnesium nanoferrites (CaxCr0.5-xMg0.5Fe2O4), was fabricated via sol-gel auto combustion process. The main objective was to fabricate highly stable nanocomposite as conductive material. Reaction among highly pure grade magnesium nitrate Mg (NO3)2ㆍ6H2O, calcium nitrate Ca (NO3)2ㆍ4H2O, and chromium nitrate Cr (NO3)3ㆍ9H2O, ferric nitrate Fe (NO3)3ㆍ9H2O took place to fabricate the desired material and, later on, an inductance (L)--capacitance (C)--resistance (R) meter (LCR meter) was used to determine the conductive behavior of the material. During characterization, thermogravimetric study confirmed that the stable phase was obtained above 950 °C. Fabricated ferrite FTIR spectrum was observed between 400 cm-1 and 4,500 cm-1. The entire sample's structural investigation was carried out employing X-ray diffraction. Morphological analysis confirmed that particles possess angular structures having acute angles adjoining surfaces. During conductivity test, all fabricated nanoferrites presented that with the increase of frequency by LCR meter, AC conductivity had been increased. The outcome of doping of calcium on chromium magnesium nanoferrites on structural in addition to dielectric properties was synergistic.

Keywords:Spinel Ferrites;X-Ray Diffraction;Thermal Analysis;FTIR;Dielectric Properties

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[1] Ali M, Khan M, Chowdhury FUZ, Hossain M, Rahman M, Hoque S, Martin M, Uddin M, Results Phys., 14, 102517 (2019)

[2] Alibeiki B, Kameli P, Salamati H, Eshraghi M, Tahmasebi T, J. Magn. Magn., 322, 2929 (2010)

[3] Bagherzadeh SA, D’Orazio A, Karimipour A, Goodarzi M, Bach QV, Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl., 521, 406 (2019)

[4] Baldi G, Bonacchi D, Innocenti C, Lorenzi G, Sangregorio C, J. Magn. Magn., 311, 10 (2007)

[5] Calero-DdelC VL, Rinaldi C, J. Magn. Magn., 314, 60 (2007)

[6] Chen L, Shen Y, Bai J, Mater. Lett., 63, 1099 (2009)

[7] Corrias A, Casula MF, Falqui A, Paschina G, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 3130 (2004)

[8] Gharagozlou M, J. Alloy. Compd., 486, 660 (2009)

[9] Ghasemi A, Hassani M, Goodarzi M, Afrand M, Manafi S, Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl., 514, 36 (2019)

[10] Iqbal SS, Bahadar A, Hossain N, Gull N, Ahmad TS, Ehsan N, Khan SU, Riaz T, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 106085 (2021)

[11] Khedr M, Omar A, Abdel-Moaty S, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 281, 8 (2006)

[12] Khorrami S, Gharib F, Mahmoudzadeh G, Sepehr SS, Madani SS, Naderfar N, Manie S, Int. J. Nano Dimens, 1, 221 (2011)

[13] Kumar DR, Ahmad SI, Lincoln CA, Ravinder D, J. Asian Ceram. Soc., 7, 53 (2019)

[14] Liu W, Malekahmadi O, Bagherzadeh SA, Ghashang M, Karimipour A, Hasani S, Tlili I, Goodarzi M, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 109, 104333 (2019)

[15] Mazari SA, Ali E, Abro R, et al., J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 105028 (2021)

[16] Mazari SA, Hossain N, Basirun WJ, Mubarak NM, Abro R, Sabzoi N, Shah A, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 149, 67 (2021)

[17] Nosheen S, Iqbal SS, Shahzadi P, Sabir A, Khan R, Shahzad T, European J. Adv. Eng. Technol., 7, 32 (2020)

[18] Pervaiz E, Gul I, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., IOP Publishing, 012015 (2013).

[19] Pillai V, Shah D, J. Magn. Magn., 163, 243 (1996)

[20] Pogrebnyak AD, Shpak AP, Azarenkov NA, Beresnev VM, Phys-USP, 52, 29 (2009)

[21] Shafi KV, Gedanken A, Prozorov R, Balogh J, J. Mater. Chem., 10, 334 (1998)

[22] Shahsavar A, Khanmohammadi S, Karimipour A, Goodarzi M, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 131, 432 (2019)

[23] Silva JB, De Brito W, Mohallem ND, Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol., 112, 182 (2004)

[24] Silva P, Sagredo V, Bramer W, Perez E, Torres F, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., IOP Publishing, 082023 (2010).

[25] Xiao G, Chien C, Appl. Phys. Lett., 51, 1280 (1987)

[26] Zakir R, Iqbal SS, Rehman AU, Nosheen S, Ahmad TS, Ehsan N, Inam F, Ceram. Int., 47, 20 (2021)

[27] Zhang J, Lan CQ, Mater. Lett., 62, 1521 (2008)

[28] Zhao D, Wu X, Guan H, Han E, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 42(2), 226 (2007)

[29] Zi Z, Sun Y, Zhu X, Yang Z, Dai J, Song W, J. Magn. Magn., 321, 1251 (2009)