Developing an efficient, environmentally friendly, and pollution-free catalyst with excellent visible light catalytic activity is a promising strategy for dye wastewater treatment. Herein, the rod-like hollow BiOClxBr1-x (x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0), with an adjustable band gap, was successfully prepared using Bi-based metal-organic framework as template. The corresponding hollow assembly and introduction of Br- imparted valuable structural advantages and intrinsic characteristics for improved photocatalytic activity. Significantly, the degradation efficiency of BiOCl0.5Br0.5 for the Rhodamine B (RhB) solution reached 92% under visible light illumination for 90 min, which is considerably higher than that of CAU-17-derived Bi2O3 and BiOCl. Overall, these findings shed fundamental insight on constructing novel photocatalysts with excellent visible light driven photocatalytic activity and offered a new method for treating dye wastewater.