Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is widely applied in heavy-loading conditions like bridge bearings, so the high hardness, high compression strength and good friction and wear properties of modified UHMWPE are needed. The PAO40@SiO2 microspheres (PSM)/UHMWPE composites were prepared, and the hardness, compression strength and heavy-loading tribology properties were investigated. The result shows that the specimens with PSM have higher hardness and compression strength than pure UHMWPE. The friction coefficient and the wear rate show the tendency that decreases first and then increases with the rising of PSM content, and lower values were reached with 9 wt% PSM. PSM could improve the tribology properties by the way of both the formation of oil lubrication and the strengthen of transfer film, while the aggregation of PSM fragments would work against. The research could provide a reference for the design of self-lubricating materials under heavy load conditions such as bridge bearings.