Molecular orientations during processing are often unwanted. For many applications, however, they are produced intentionally by plastic deformation for example by stretching or rolling. Resulting from molecular orientation the macroscopic properties of the material, for example hardness, strength, modules of elasticity and shear, strain at break, toughness and others, become strongly anisotropic. For practical application of polymers, a quantitative knowledge of the extent of orientation is essential. It is shown that it is possible to characterize the state of orientation with little experimental efforts and simple analysing procedures on the registrating Knoop-microhardness technique.