Bacterial strains were selected from a desiccated polluted soil for their drought tolerance and their ability to grow on diesel oil in view of incorporating them in a bioaugmentation product. These products are useful in ease of recalcitrant xenobiotic pollution, where there is no intrinsic biodegradation activity in the soil. These strains grow on the easily degradable components of diesel oil. Introduction of new catabolic genes into these desiccation-tolerant bacteria in order to improve their catabolic functions was considered. Plasmid-borne catabolic genes coding for enzymes involved in the degradation of more recalcitrant compounds (Isopropylbenzene, trichloroethene, 3-chlorobenzoate,4-chlorobiphenyl, biphenyl) were successfully introduced in some of the desiccation-tolerant strains by means of natural conjugation. Strains exhibiting good tolerance to desiccation and able to grow on the new carbon sources were obtained. The frequencies of integration of the plasmids ranged from 2 x 10(-8) to 9.2 10(-2) transconjugants/acceptor. Drought-tolerance is indeed important for bioaugmentation because of its intrinsic ecological significance and because a bioaugmentation starter has to be conditioned in a desiccated form to ensure good shelf-life. The conservation of the properties during storage was evaluated by accelerated storage tests.