Langmuir, Vol.12, No.23, 5601-5605, 1996
Catalytic Surfaces from Langmuir-Blodgett-Films of Tris(4,4’-Diisopropyldibenzylideneacetone)Palladium(0) as Precursor .2. Study of the Catalytic Activity in Electroless Metal Plating of Polymers
The catalytic activity of palladium particles prepared upon thermal decomposition of Langmuir-Blodgett films of tris(4,4’-diisopropyldibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0)(1) (1) on polymeric supports was investigated. As the catalytic process, the palladium-catalyzed electroless nickel plating was studied. Influences on the nickel plating due to different palladium concentrations on the substrate were studied. It was found that a minimum substrate coverage with four palladium atoms per square nanometer is sufficient to cause homogeneous nickel plating. The presence of a higher palladium concentration has no further effect on the catalytic activity. The influence of a variation of the annealing time of the LB films on the nickel plating was also investigated. Short annealing times favor palladium cluster formation, while long annealing times lead to larger metallic palladium particles (see part 1 of this study). It was found that short annealing times leading to the clusters do not cause a significant catalytic activity, while longer annealing times creating the metallic particles also generate a high catalytic activity. The catalytic activity was also studied for LB multilayer systems in which 1 was not directly exposed to the surface but coated with a number of monolayers of an a-helical copolyglutamate. These systems were only found to be catalytically active when the palladium had time to migrate through the copolyglutamate film. By varying the number of copolyglutamate multilayers, the migration rate of palladium through the polymer could be determined to be 3.6 x 10(-11) ms(-1) at 120 degrees C.
Keywords:THIN-FILMS;DEPOSITION;COMPOSITES;PALLADIUM;CLUSTERS;SIZE;NANOCRYSTALLITES;MICRODISPERSIONS;COLLOIDS;COPPER