Langmuir, Vol.15, No.4, 1556-1561, 1999
Effect of dispersed tetradecanol particles or droplets on the dynamic surface tension of aqueous tetradecanol systems
For sparingly soluble surfactants at their solubility limit, the surface tension equilibration is usually very long, and adsorption depletes the solution considerably. By replenishing the adsorbed material and by being close to the surface, dispersed particles or droplets of the surfactant material can increase the rate of adsorption to the surface by orders of magnitude. Since the rates of particle migration or diffusion and particle dissolution can control the adsorption rates, the particle sizes and protocols of preparation can be quite important. The behavior of tetradecanol in water is reported for its importance in producing law dynamic surface tensions for potential lung surfactant applications and as a typical sparingly soluble surfactant, having a solubility of 0.3 ppm (1.4 mu M) at 25 degrees C. The dynamic tension has been measured at 25, 37, and 41 degrees C (the latter is above the tetradecanol melting paint) in water or saline (0.9 wt % NaCl), with a bubble method (measured from the pressure jump and the bubble radius) at constant or pulsating area(1-80 cycles/min). The dynamic surface densities Gamma(t) were inferred from the dynamic surface tensions gamma(t) by using the fitted data of the surface equation of state Gamma(Pi), where Pi = gamma(0) -gamma, determined from pressure-area isotherms, which were obtained with a Langmuir trough and precautions to account for possible monolayer losses. At 20-80 rpm and the concentration 1500 ppm, tensions much lower than the equilibrium values (22 +/- 2 mN/m) and as lover as 9 mN/m were observed. These low tensions were inferred to be related to compressed monolayers rather than thicker films at the air/water interface.