The present paper summarizes basic result of theoretical research into catalytic gas-phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid on vanadium-molybdenum oxide catalyst. It presents findings concerning the optimum way of preparation of the catalysts and their characteristics inclusive of determination of the active component. The second part deals with evaluation of results of mechanistic studies of the oxidation, i.e. identification of the individual transition complexes as well as evaluation of effects of the individual reaction components on the oxidation course. Moreover, it presents the results of experimental studies of the reaction kinetics and discusses the possibility of controlling of catalytic properties of the catalysts. The basic research was carried out in two institutions, namely Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the University of Pardubice, which were cooperating for a period of time.