THE existence of rapidly spinning microplates along the southern East Pacific Rise has been documented by geophysical swath-mapping surveys(1-6), and their evolution has been successfully described by an edge-driven kinematic model(7). But the mechanism by which such microplates originate remains unknown. Proposed mechanisms(1-10) have generally involved rift propagation(11), possibly driven by hotspots or changes in direction of sea-floor spreading. Here we present geophysical data collected over the Earth’s fastest spreading centre, the Pacific-Nazca ridge between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates (Fig. 1), which reveal a large-offset propagating rift presently reorganizing the plate boundary geometry. A recent episode of rapid ’duelling’ propagation of the historically failing spreading centre in this system has created a 120 x 120 km overlap zone between dual active spreading centres, which may be the initial stage of formation of a new microplate.