Over the past three years, country studies have improved country-specific, and hence global, estimates of : (i) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sequestration, and (ii) costs and benefits of mitigation options, and (iii) the vulnerability of natural habitats and human systems. The technical and financial support provided by the US and other country-study programs has enhanced the contribution of experts from developing and transition countries to their global scientific assessment. This paper presents a brief overview of work conducted in the context of the US Country Studies Program in the development of national GHG inventories, assessment of GHG mitigation options, and assessment of vulnerability to climate change and options for adaptation.