In Northern Estonia small (mainly (10-30) x (2-5) cm) flat solid bitumen lenses have been found in Lower Cambrian, and Lower and Middle Ordovician rocks (Fig. 1). They have been found from many facial types of sediments, in the greatest deal from kukersite oil shale (Figs. 2 and 3). Solid bitumen in the Estonian Deposit mines is represented with a shiny coal-like substance soluble in chloroform. Its hardness is 2-3 by Mohs＇ scale, density 1.1-1.26 Mg/m3, melting point 275-degrees-C. The mineral component content is low - up to 5-7 %. The ash of bitumen is rich in trace metals such as Cu, Co, Ni, V, Mo, Zn and Pb. By composition this solid bitumen belongs to the grahamite subgroup of asphaltite. The genesis of the solid bitumen has been explained differently. Some scientists consider these to be of an epigenetic (migrational) origin, others - of a syngenetic, authigeneous or allotigeneous one. Opinion about the initial material of the bitumen and the processes which caused their genesis also diverge (Table). On the basis of publications and recent investigations we can do the following conclusions. Majority of facts concern the allotigeneous origin of the solid bitumen lenses. Generation of the hydrocarbons might happen in a territory close to the distribution of bitumen lenses by the abiogeneous way or as a result of bitumogenesis of the Proterozoic Black Shale. For the present it is impossible to prefer either of them by the existing information.