A novel route to preparation of polyaniline (PANI) composites based on mixing of a solution of host polymer with preliminarily formed colloidal PANI dispersion of very fine particles (lower limit ca 5 nm) is reported. This colloidal PANI dispersion was formed by oxidative polymerization of aniline (ANI) in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in aqueous medium, and can be dried and redispersed in an organic solvent, enabling composites of PANI with water-soluble and water-insoluble polymers to be prepared. Besides its simplicity, this route reveals the possibility of easily controlling the design of composites (particle size and particle size distribution). The polymer composites PANI-poly(vinyl alcohol), thus prepared, combined high electrical conductivity (up to 2-3 S cm(-1)) and transparency (between 20 and 50% at film thickness 50 mu m) even in a non-oriented state.