New, wholly aromatic polyesters carrying 9,10-diphenylanthracene fluorophores along the main chain or both in the pendent and main chain were prepared and their properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffractometry and fluorometry in solution as well as in thin solid films. The diphenylanthracene pendent groups are attached to the terephthaloyl unit of the aromatic polyester main chains through the oxyhexamethyleneoxy spacer. Two of the polymers were found to be thermotropic and all of the polymers exhibited relatively strong photoluminescence in solution as well as in thin films. Their fluorescence behavior is discussed in relation to their structures. When the diphenylanthracene fluorophores exist either both in the main chain and the side chain or only in the side chain, the polyesters reveal photoluminescence over a broad range of wavelength from 400 to about 700 nm with the maximum emitting intensity at about 450 nm. The polymer that contains the same fluorophore only in the main chain, however, shows a rather sharp luminescence from about 420 to 550 nm, although its maximum emitting intensity is observed at the same wavelength (ca. 450 nm) as for other polyesters.