Asymmetric anionic polymerizations of achiral N-substituted maleimide (RMI) (N-cyclohexyl (CHMI), N-phenyl (PhMI), N-tert-butyl (TBMI)) by n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) or fluorenyllithium (FILi) complexes of chiral bisoxazoline derivatives in toluene gave optically active polymers ([alpha](435)(25)-2.9 degrees to -8.2 degrees). The polymers prerared with initiator of n-BuLi - 2,2’-bis(4,4’-isopropyl-1,3-oxazoline) showed negative specific rotations (poly(RMI), [alpha](435)(25) - 5.8 degrees to -8.2 degrees) which were greater than those ([alpha](435)(25) : -2.9 degrees to -5.9 degrees) with other chiral 2,2’-bis(4,4’-alkyl-1,3-oxazoline) (alkyl group = iso-butyl and benzyl).