Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol.25, No.2, 161-210, 1999
Review of the application of Newton's third law in physics
We review the application of Newton's third law in all branches of physics, namely: special relativity, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, circuit and antenna theory. Until now, there is no experimental evidence showing that Newton's third law has ever been violated in classical physics. However, in both classical physics and in special relativity theory this law is violated for different reasons. The violation of this law implies consequences that can be tested experimentally, namely a charged conductor at rest in the Earth reference frame can set itself in motion and accelerate its center of mass or rotate without external help. We review several experiments with conductors charged with a high voltage which show these effects.
Keywords:ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPULSE PENDULUM;TROUTON-NOBLE EXPERIMENT;AMPERE FORCE LAWS;AHARONOV-BOHM;LORENTZ FORCES;WEBERELECTRODYNAMICS;SPECIAL RELATIVITY;CURRENT ELEMENTS;NUCLEAR-FUSION;BIOT-SAVART