The structure changes in the start-up flow of the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer Vectra B950 are probed by performing transient experiments after various flow histories. The shear and normal stress growth curves of a squeezed sample and of a randomly oriented sample show a pronounced overshoot at low strains, whereas the stress growth curve of a sample pre-sheared until steady state shows a gradual increase. This first peak is associated with the re-orientation of the director into the shearing plane. All stress transients show a second broad maximum at large strains that results from the generation of a steady defect network. The effect of varying the relaxation period after pre-shearing is reflected in the appearance of two peaks in the subsequent stress growth curves. One of these peaks shifts linearly with relaxation period and the other is more or less fixed in position. The orientation of the molecules during steady shear flow is on average in the flow direction. Intermediate orientation levels may exist in the transient depending on the amount of strain. The material is able to maintain the flow-induced orientation distribution for a long time after cessation of flow. This is reflected in a similar fashion in the initial magnitudes of the stresses and the dynamic moduli after various preshear strains. Moreover, the dynamic moduli decrease with time after cessation of steady shear flow, indicating that the orientation increases during relaxation.