The homogeneity of the microbial community structure of a sediment landfill was examined by a culture-independent method and compared with physico-chemical parameters, i.e. organic matter, CaCO3 content, pH, and texture. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples derived from different places and depths. After amplification with two different primer sets of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE fingerprints of different sediment samples taken in regular patterns at the same depth were similar, which indicates a spatial homogeneity in the numerically dominant bacterial populations in a landfill over 10,000 m(2) in size. In a vertical column of approx. 10 m, only some differences in a few bands of the bacterial community structure were observed between samples taken from different depths. This DNA homogeneity coincided with a similar homogeneity of the physico-chemical parameters in the landfill at this site. Nevertheless, the DGGE technique revealed small differences in less prominent bacteria and was capable of separating the upper and lower samples of one column into two clusters. It therefore seems more sensitive than the physico-chemical approach for characterising the homogeneity of an environmental habitat.