Science, Vol.284, No.5419, 1481-1488, 1999
Cosmology - The cosmic triangle: Revealing the state of the universe
The cosmic triangle is introduced as a way of representing the past, present, and future status of the universe. Our current location within the cosmic triangle is determined by the answers to three questions: How much matter is in the universe? Is the expansion rate stowing down or speeding up? And, is the universe flat? A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is lightweight (matter density about one-third the critical value), is accelerating, and is flat. The acceleration implies the existence of cosmic dark energy that overcomes the gravitational self-attraction of matter and causes the expansion to speed up.
Keywords:COLD DARK-MATTER;MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY;LIGHT-CURVESHAPES;INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE;IA SUPERNOVAE;GALAXY CLUSTERS;LARGE-SCALE;GRAVITATIONAL LENSES;GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS;GRAVITY-WAVES