Models for replication and transcription often display polymerases that track like locomotives along their DNA templates, However, recent evidence supports an alternative model in which DNA and RNA polymerases are immobilized by attachment to larger structures, where they reel in their templates and extrude newly made nucleic acids, These polymerases do not act independently; they are concentrated in discrete "factories," where they work together on many different templates. Evidence for models involving tracking and immobile polymerases is reviewed.