The migration and deposition of submicron particles in laminar crossflow microfiltration is simulated by integrating the Langevin equation. The effects of operating conditions on the particle trajectories are discussed. It is found that the Brownian motion of particles plays an important role in particle migration under a smaller crossflow velocity of suspension or a smaller filtration rate. Based on the simulated trajectories of particles, the transported flux of particles arriving at the membrane surface can be estimated. The particle flux increases with an increase of filtration rate and with a decrease of particle diameter; however, the effect of crossflow velocity on the particle flux is not obvious. The forces exerted on particles are analyzed to estimate the probability of particle deposition on the membrane surface. The probability of particle deposition increases with an increase of filtration rate, with a decrease of crossflow velocity, with a decrease of particle diameter, or with an increase of zeta potential on the particle surfaces. The simulated results of packing structures of particles on the membrane surface at the initial stage of filtration show that a looser packing can be found under a larger crossflow velocity, a smaller filtration rate, or a smaller diameter of filtered particles. Crossflow microfiltration experiments are carried out to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed theory. The deviation between the predicted and experimental data of filtration rate at the initial period of filtration is less than 10% when the Reynolds number of the suspension flow ranges from 100 to 500.