Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.47, No.1, 149-153, 1997
Secular degradation of crystalline photovoltaic modules
The performance of crystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules has been measured once a year in held exposure. Their maximum power output (P-max) decreases 4.8% for single-crystalline PV modules and 2.0% for the poly-crystalline case in comparison with their initial P-max at ex-work after five years' field exposure. This paper describes the secular degradation of crystalline PV modules.