Solid State Ionics, Vol.112, No.1-2, 25-34, 1998
Soft-chemistry synthesis of electrochemically-active spinel LiMn2O4 for Li-ion batteries
Battery grade spinel-LiMn2O4 cathode-active material has been synthesized through a soft-chemistry aided low temperature precursor process. It has been found that the bulk quantities of submicron-sized spinel-LiMn2O4 powders can be obtained at a modest temperature as low as 300 degrees C, with the highest level of phase purity without any residual impurities. This technique describes a simple solution mixing procedure in the presence of a complexing agent, preferably a carboxylic acid, namely succinic acid. The details of the synthesis procedure are presented and the physical properties of the synthesized spinel are discussed in the light of structural (XRD), spectroscopic (IR and Raman), and thermal (DTA/TG) techniques. The electrochemical test cells (coin-type) containing the synthesized spinel oxide as positive electrode in conjunction with either lithium metal or carbonaceous (graphite) anode employing a nonaqueous organic electrolyte mixture of 1 M LiPF6 in EC + DMC + MF show an improved performance in terms of its capacity and cyclability over extended cycles.