SPE Reservoir Engineering, Vol.11, No.3, 189-195, 1996
Enhanced waterflooding design with dilute surfactant concentrations for North Sea conditions
Efficient selection procedures for surfactants have been applied to design a low-concentration surfactant-flooding process for North Sea oilfield application. Anionic surfactants of the propoxy ethoxy glyceryl sulfonate type can be used at 0.1 wt% concentrations together with sacrificial agents and without a polymer drive. Currently estimated unit technical costs (UTC's)-at 8%-for application in the North Sea oil fields range from $81 to $94/incremental m(3), without taking uncertainty factors into account. Including such factors would likely add another $31/m(3) to the costs.