Predefined optimal policies will be tracked with control systems to realize the optimum of multiple-fraction batch distillation. Adaptive control is proposed to carry out this task. Characteristics of batch distillation control are analyzed and a proper system is designed for controlling such processes. Besides tracking the optimal reflux ratio profile, the maximum vapor load will be maintained during the batch. In addition, a changing temperature profile of the condenser should be followed to reduce the operating energy with a possibly minimum subcooling. Recursive least square estimation (RLSE) with a variable forgetting factor is applied to the on-line identification of the plant to follow the changing dynamics of the process. Generalized predictive control (GPC) is used to track the predefined policies. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified with a pilot batch column and the tracking performance is compared with that of PID controllers.