Blends of polypropylene and two polyketone grades with low and medium-high viscosities were prepared by melt extrusion. To obtain good compatibility, a maleic-anhydride-polypropylene copolymer was added to the blends. Polyoxypropylenediamine was added to some of the blends to further enhance compatibility. The blends were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry. In a second step, the blends were compression or injection moulded. Scanning electron microscopy, shear viscosity, density measurements and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the moulded blends and their oxygen permeabilities were assessed. Impact strength and hardness were measured on injection-moulded blends. It was shown that the oxygen barrier properties of polypropylene could be greatly enhanced by a small addition of primarily the low-viscosity polyketone. A content of 23.9% by volume of polyketone was sufficient to lower the permeability by 70% compared to pure polypropylene. This was because a polyketone-rich surface layer was formed during compression moulding. The incorporation of polyoxypropylenediamine had a profound effect on the morphology. The polyketone particles in this case were very small, and the absence of "pull-outs" suggested an enhanced phase adhesion between the different components. Further, the incorporation of polyoxypropylenediamine had no impact on the oxygen permeability but the impact roughness and hardness were increased and the shear viscosity was also increased in its presence. This indicated that chemical bonds were formed between polyketone, polyoxypropylenediamine and the maleic-anhydride-polypropylene copolymer. This network suppressed crystallisation of primarily the polyketone component. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.