The sensitivity of industrial strains Acetobacter aceti, Gluconobacter frateurii, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici to osmotic stress was studied. Growth of A. aceti and G. frateurii was totally inhibited at 0.4 M NaCl concentration, but P. acidipropionici was able to grow on a medium containing 1.2 M NaCl. Addition of glycine betaine to the medium had no detectable osmoprotective effect on A. aceti and C. frateurii cultivations in elevated NaCl concentrations, but it enabled cells of P. acidipropionici to achieve faster the maximum specific growth rate after the prolonged lag phase and therefore to gain faster the final biomass and product concentrations. The final concentrations of biomass and product of P. acidipropionici were the same as for the cultivations of the bacterium without NaCl and glycine betaine present in the medium. Intracellular accumulation of glycine betaine was detected in P. acidipropionici cells cultivated in the medium containing glycine betaine. The amount accumulated increased with NaCl concentration, suggesting that glycine betaine plays an important role in the osmoadaptation.