We describe the synthesis and characterization of alkyl-capped nanocrystalline Si ((R) over cap-n-Si) prepared by the reaction of SiCl4 with Mg2Si in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme) and surface-terminated with various alkyl groups, (R) over cap-n-Si (R = methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, and n-octyl). This reaction produces crystalline nanoparticles with surfaces that can be chemically modified. The resultant crystalline nanoparticles can be suspended in organic solvents or isolated as a powder. The nanoclusters were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The average cluster size depends on the reflux time of Mg2Si with SiCl4, which provided nanoclusters with an average size bf 2-5 MI. HRTEM confirms the presence of crystalline nanoclusters, and SAED is consistent with diamond-structured silicon. FTIR spectra are consistent with alkyl surface termination and show very little or no evidence for oxygen on the surface of the nanoclusters, depending on the surface alkyl group. The alkyl termination can be removed by reaction in air at 450 degrees C, and a Si-O stretch is observed in the FTIR spectra: EPR spectroscopy is consistent with crystalline Si nanoclusters and shows no signal at 4 K. The optical absorption spectra show an absorption edge between 260 and 240 nm, depending on the surface alkyl group, while a strong UV-blue photoluminescence between 315 and 520 nm is observed.