Chemical Engineering Science, Vol.56, No.19, 5565-5574, 2001
Cavitation effects in eccentric-cylinder flows of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
The paper contains an account of the effects of viscoelasticity on cavitation characteristics observed when liquids are sheared in the gap between eccentric cylinders in relative rotation. To facilitate the Study, flow-visualization experiments are carried out on Newtonian fluids and also constant-viscosity highly elastic Boger fluids. For low speeds, the free surface in the liquids is seen to depart progressively from the initial horizontal (rest) configuration, this to ensure that no negative pressures exist in the liquid. With further increases in rotational speed, a provocative fingering mechanism appears, which generates a series of cavities, the number of which increases with rotational speed and eccentricity. The elastic liquids are found to generate more cells than their Newtonian equivalents. Another feature of interest concerns the shape of the cavities, where the elastic liquids exhibit distinctive CUSP-like extremities, in contrast to the smooth shapes observed in the corresponding Newtonian experiments,