Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol.477, No.1, 25-31, 1999
Electrochemical investigations and morphology of poly(4,9-dihydro-o-benzenonaphtho[2,3-c]pyrrole) and poly(acenaphtho[1,2-c]pyrrole)
The electrochemical characteristics and morphology of poly(4,9-dihydro-o-benzenonaphtho[2,3-c]pyrrole) (PDBNP) and poly(acenaphtho[1,2-c]pyrrole) (PANP) films prepared by controlled potential oxidation in acetonitrile containing 0.002 M monomer and 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) have been studied. The impedance of PDBNP and PANP films coated onto glassy carbon electrodes measured in 0.1 M TBAP shows that the ionic conductivities of these two films increase with increasing electrode potential (oxidation level) as ClO4- ions are incorporated. It is concluded that anion transport is primarily responsible for the ionic conductivities. PANE has a 45 degrees Warburg region at all electrode potentials. However, for PDBNP, the 45 degrees Warburg region is seen only at low electrode potentials. The difference in the mode of charge transport shows that the value of electronic resistance of PDBNP at higher doping levels is similar to the ionic resistance, but for PANP, the electronic resistance is much smaller than the ionic resistance at all doping levels. The apparent electrochemical reversibility was seen to be higher for PDBNP than for PANP from cyclic voltammetry. Evidence for this interpretation is that the ionic conductivities increase dramatically with electrode potentials for PDBNP, indicating that the counterion ClO4- moves more easily in PDBNP than PANE. The higher low-frequency capacitance obtained from impedance spectroscopy for PANP is discussed in the light of in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation of the film structure morphology.
Keywords:conducting polymer;impedance spectroscopy;transmission line model;cyclic voltammetry;atomic force microscopy