In an attempt to develop an alternative to petro-based polymers, we graft-copolymerized cellulose isolated from the needles of Pinus roxburghii with styrene in a limited aqueous medium in air by simultaneous irradiation using gamma rays as the initiator. The optimum conditions for obtaining maximum grafting were determined as a function of monomer concentration, total dose of irradiation, and amount of water. Maximum percentage of grafting (P-g; 79.9) was obtained at a total dose of 1.152 x 10(4) Gy with 1.325 x 10(-4) mol of styrene. The effect of methanol, LiNO3, Cu(NO3)(2), Mohr's salt, H2SO4, HNO3, and AcOH on P-g was studied. All the additives were found to decrease graft yield, contrary to some reported studies. Total percentage conversion and rates of polymerization, grafting, and homopolymerization were evaluated. Evidence of grafting was provided by the characterization of cellulose and its graft copolymers by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and observation of the swelling behavior in some solvents.