Light scattering, sedimentation equilibrium, viscosity, circular dichroism (CD), and UV absorption (UV) measurements were made on dilute solutions of Poly{[(R)-3,7-dimethyloctyl]-[(S)-3-methylpentyl]silylene} (PRS) as functions of molecular weight. From light scattering and viscosity data, PRS is found to be a very stiff polymer of persistence length q as large as 103 nm at 25 degreesC, essentially a 7(3) helix found in the solid state; q increases only gradually with lowering temperature between -15 and 25 degreesC. The CD data show that PRS undergoes a conformational transition around 3 degreesC in isooctane (transition temperature T-c). The CD signal is largely positive at low temperatures, passes through zero at T-c, and becomes largely negative at higher temperatures: T-c is independent of sample's chain length N. This is a highly cooperative helix (M)-to-helix (P) transition depending remarkably on N, as PRS is substantially rodlike. The CD data are converted to the fraction f(P) of P helix as a function of N and analyzed successfully by a statistical mechanical theory based on a helix reversal model, where a polymer chain consists of M and P helices intervened by helix reversals, with the result that the free energy difference DeltaG(h) between P and M shows a temperature dependence similar to that of 2f(P)-1, whereas the helix reversal energy is substantially constant at 1.2 x 10(4) J mol(-1); the latter value means that the helix reversal occurs only once in 100 Si units or less. This DeltaG(h) change and solvent dependence of T-c are explained by a double-well potential for the rotation about Si-Si bonds, which incorporates into DeltaG(h) the solvent interactions with the helical grooves of side chains surrounding the main chain. Detailed features of UV absorption spectra at different temperature and molecular weights are also presented.