The selection of a relative inexpensive and promising method of production of biofuel from renewable plant sources - rape oils - was substantiated. A mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (ROME) was obtained by esterification of rape oil. The percentage composition of methyl esters and the net heat value of the biofuel were found by chromatography of ROME. The physical properties of diesel fuel, ROME, and blends and the effect of these properties on injection, spraying, and mixing in the diesel cylinder were determined.