Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol.84, No.3, 355-366, 2001
A capacity model for vertical pipes and packed columns based on entrainment
This study bridges flooding correlations in vertical pipes and packed towers. It is shown that the frictional forces of the gas on the liquid interface can either directly carry the liquid film upwards or induce droplet formation and, therefore, entrainment of the gas phase. A model is presented that estimates the entrainment flood point. The model does not fully explain the flooding phenomena. However, as is shown in this study, a total flooding explanation cannot be expected from any theory. Nevertheless, the model provides an estimation method that describes the relative changes of flood point with the physical properties and the geometry. This is accomplished by taking into account the lift force on entrained droplet. It is possible to estimate the flood point as function of the viscosity, density, surface tension, and the geometry of the packing.