This work assesses the techno-economic potential of using an adaptive d.c. thermal plasma afterburner in hazardous waste incineration. Preliminary cost estimates were developed for soil incineration, soil desorption and liquid waste incineration. In general, the annual operating costs of plasma-assisted processes (including depreciation of capital) exceed the costs of fuel combustion processes by 50%. However, a qualitative examination of environmental, legal and technical factors suggests that plasma treatment offers significant benefits In terms of effectiveness, safety and regulatory compliance.