A recent progress in the reaction mechanisms of light alkanes and in the promotion effects of Fe and MD, and in the assessment of acidity measurements on sulfated ZrO2 are summarized. Mechanisms of skeletal isomerization of light alkanes are discussed based on the results of the isotopic analyses and the contribution of oxidation. Effect of the promotion of Fe and Mn on sulfated ZrO2 is summarized in terms of the alkane activation, the kinetics, and the structure of the resultant catalysts. Importance and recent progress of the assessment of acid strength is also summarized.