Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.119, No.44, 10684-10695, 1997
Rotational isomers in stacked macrocycles: Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of peripherally substituted (mu-oxo)bis(phthalocyaninatosilicon) compounds
The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of a series of soluble octaalkoxy-substituted silicon phthalocyanine monomers, (RO)(8)PcSi(OSiMe(2)tBu)L, and mu-oxo-bridged dimers, [(RO)(8)PcSi(OSiMe(2)tBu)](2)O (R = H17C8-, H25C12-, (+/-)-3,7-Me-2-C8H15-, (+/-)-2-Et-C6H12-; L = -OSiMe(2)tBu, -OSiMe3, -F, -OH), are reported. The optical absorption spectra of all dimers show strong solvalochromic behavior whereas the monomers do not. In nonaromatic solvents like, e.g., dichloromethane, the Q-band of the dimers is split into at least five broad bands between 560 and 760 nm, and proton NMR spectra show a strong splitting (Delta delta = 1 ppm) of the aromatic signal at low temperature, indicating a torsion angle of similar to 20-30 degrees between the rings. In aromatic solvents such as, e.g., benzene, toluene, or 1-methylnaphthalene, thermochromism of the dimers is observed. This is shown by temperature-dependent optical absorption spectroscopy to be due to the presence of a second isomer exclusively found in solutions of aromatic solvents. It shows a rather different absorption spectrum with a very intense and sharp Q-band at 639 nm, a weak shoulder at similar to 670 nm, and a very broad and weak absorption at similar to 830 nm. Proton NMR spectra of this isomer shaw, even at -88 degrees C, only one signal for the aromatic protons, demonstrating a fully staggered or eclipsed conformation of the two rings. The ratio between the two isomers is dependent on the nature and concentration of the aromatic solvent molecules and the steric demand of the alkyl chains R attached to the macrocycle. The assignment of the absorption bands in both isomers is discussed in relation to exciton coupling theory and inter-ring pi-pi interactions between the aromatic solvent and the macrocycles, which are likely to account also for the strong aromatic solvent-induced NMR shifts (ASIS) observed for the monomers as well as for the dimers.