In the present work the effects produced by the presence of two different surfactants (Abil B 8842 and Triton N 101) on the rheological properties of aqueous welan matrices are studied, both in steady and in oscillatory shear conditions. Welan is an acidic microbial polysaccharide having high thermal, pH, and salt stability. At sufficiently low concentrations it forms aqueous weak gel matrices which can be profitably used to regulate the rheological properties of disperse systems and improve their stability. Different systems are examined, having the same polysaccharide concentration (0.25 wt%) and different surfactant concentrations (up to 40 wt%, far beyond the range of practical interest for emulsion preparation). All the systems exhibit marked shear-thinning properties which can be described quite satisfactorily by the Cross equation. The concentration dependence of the zero-shear-rate viscosity as well as the mechanical spectra confirm that, in the concentration range considered, the aqueous welan systems are typically weakly structured fluids. The influence of both surfactants is examined in detail by comparing the behavior of the different classes of systems. Both surfactants reduce the polymer contribution at low shear, whereas an opposite action is exerted at high concentration and shear. These contrasting effects are ascribed to the different structural features of the polymer matrix under low stresses and high shear conditions, respectively.