Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.85, No.6, 1263-1276, 2002
The isothermal curing of a diepoxide-cycloaliphatic diamine resin by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry
The thermal properties and the isothermal cure of an epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with a diamine based on 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane (3DCM) were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC). The quasi-isothermal TMDSC scans were performed at curing temperatures between 40 and 140degreesC for different periods of time, and the modulation conditions were amplitude of 0.5K and a period of 60 s. The heating rates used on the DSC scans were between 2.5 and 20 Kmin(-1). The heat of curing measured nonisothermally increases when the heating rate decreases. An average value of 440 Jg(-1) was estimated. The glass transition of the unreacted system measured by DSC was -40.4degreesC. The final glass transition temperature of the resin depends on the heating rate of cure and postcure conditions. Values between 143degreesC (measured by DSC) and 154degreesC (measured on the total heat flow by TMDSC) were obtained after isothermal curing and postcure at 10 and 1 Kmin(-1), respectively. The vitrification was analyzed by the modulus of the complex heat capacity \C-p(*)\, which decay gives the interval and the time of vitrification. These properties were used to build the time-temperature-transformation cure diagram. The intensity of the vitrification was measured by the change in \C-p(*)\, which decreases quasi-linearly with the curing temperature. The phase angle of the heat flow shows a peak in the vitrification region, which agrees with the vitrification time determined by \C-p(*)\. The chemical kinetics may be fitted to a simplified autocatalytic model [f(alpha) = alpha(m)(1 - alpha)(n), Sestak-Berggren model] with an apparent activation energy of 58 kJmol(-1). The analysis of the diffusion controlled step is studied using a mobility factor determined from the normalised variation of \Cp-*\ during the vitrification. The simulated overall reaction rate, which is obtained from the product of the chemical kinetics and the mobility factor, agrees with the experimental reaction rate.