Liquefaction of Pine Bark Using Phenol and Lower Alcohols with Methanesulfonic Acid Catalyst

El-Barbary M. Hassan; Sung Phil Mun

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.8, No.4, 359-364, July, 2002

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Liquefaction of Pine Bark Using Phenol and Lower Alcohols with Methanesulfonic Acid Catalyst

El-Barbary M. Hassan, and Sung Phil Mun^{1, †}

Cellulose & Paper Dept., National Research Center, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
¹Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology (Division of Forest Science, College of Agriculture), Chonbuk National University, Chonjun 561-756, Korea

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Liquefaction of pine (Pinus densiflora) bark was conducted by using phenol/lower alcohol solvent mixtures and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as a catalyst. A number of liquefaction variables, such as the phenol/alcohol ratio, alcohol type, water content, acid concentration, temperature and time, have been investigated to determine the optimal liquefaction conditions for pine bark. The results showed that replacing about 60% phenol with alcohols slightly increased the amount of residue. Changing the replaced alcohol from MeOH to n-BuOH increased the residue by about 12% and accordingly alcohols with short alkyl chain lengths were more effective than other alcohols. The minimum residue was obtained when the water content was about 20% and this may be due to the hydrolysis effect. Also, increasing the reaction temperature (from 160 to 190 ℃) and time (<90 min) significantly decreased the amount of residue. The molecular weight (Mw) determination and combined phenol (CPh) confirmed that using alcohols with short alkyl chain lengths were more effective in this system.

Keywords:Liquefaction;Pine bark;Phenol;Lower alcohols;Methanesulfonic acid

[References]

Shiraishi N, Cellulosic Utilization, Ingaki H. and Phillips G.O. Eds., p. 97, Elsevier Applied Science (1989)
Kato K, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, Abstracts of 40th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, Japan, p. 26 (1990)
Lin LZ, Yoshioka M, Yao YG, Shiraishi N, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 55(11), 1563 (1995)
Ono H, Yamada T, Hatano Y, Motohashi K, J. Adhes., 59, 135 (1996)
Kurimoto Y, Shirakawa K, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, FRI (New Zealand) Bull. NO. 176, p. 155 (1992)
Yamada T, Ono H, Bioresour. Technol., 70(1), 61 (1999)
Mun SP, Hassan EBM, Yoon TH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(6), 430 (2001)
Mun SP, Lu JL, Rhee JM, Proc. Korea TAPPI, 164 (1999)
Mun SP, Lu JL, Rhee JM, Proc. Korea TAPPI, 169 (1999)
Yao Y, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 39, 930 (1993)
Mun SP, Hassan EM, 11th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Nice, France, vol. II, p. 153 (2001)
Shiraishi N, Itoh H, Lonikar SV, J. Wood Chem. Technol., 7, 405 (1987)
Grulke EA, Solubility Parameter Values, Polymer Handbook. 4th Ed., J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, and E.A. Grulke Eds., p. 689, John Wiley & sons, Inc. (1999)
Lin LZ, Yao YG, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 64(2), 351 (1997)

[Referenced By]

[1] Shiraishi N, Cellulosic Utilization, Ingaki H. and Phillips G.O. Eds., p. 97, Elsevier Applied Science (1989)

[2] Kato K, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, Abstracts of 40th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, Japan, p. 26 (1990)

[3] Lin LZ, Yoshioka M, Yao YG, Shiraishi N, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 55(11), 1563 (1995)

[4] Ono H, Yamada T, Hatano Y, Motohashi K, J. Adhes., 59, 135 (1996)

[5] Kurimoto Y, Shirakawa K, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, FRI (New Zealand) Bull. NO. 176, p. 155 (1992)

[6] Yamada T, Ono H, Bioresour. Technol., 70(1), 61 (1999)

[7] Mun SP, Hassan EBM, Yoon TH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(6), 430 (2001)

[8] Mun SP, Lu JL, Rhee JM, Proc. Korea TAPPI, 164 (1999)

[9] Mun SP, Lu JL, Rhee JM, Proc. Korea TAPPI, 169 (1999)

[10] Yao Y, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 39, 930 (1993)

[11] Mun SP, Hassan EM, 11th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Nice, France, vol. II, p. 153 (2001)

[12] Shiraishi N, Itoh H, Lonikar SV, J. Wood Chem. Technol., 7, 405 (1987)

[13] Grulke EA, Solubility Parameter Values, Polymer Handbook. 4th Ed., J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, and E.A. Grulke Eds., p. 689, John Wiley & sons, Inc. (1999)

[14] Lin LZ, Yao YG, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 64(2), 351 (1997)