Journal of Catalysis, Vol.209, No.2, 472-479, 2002
Chemo- and diastereoselectivity in the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of 2,2'-pyridoin and its derivatives
The heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenations of 2,2'-pyridoin and related compounds, such as 2,2'-pyridil and O-acetyl-2,2'-pyridoin, were investigated over noble metal catalysts. The influence of catalytic metals, catalyst supports, solvents, acid additives, prehydrogenation, and hydrogen pressure on the chemo- and diastereoselectivity is discussed in the hydrogenation of 2,2-pyridoin. Although hydrogenolysis and ring saturation may occur as side reactions, high chemo- (90-100%) and moderate diastereoselectivity values were achieved. Over palladium black in an acetonitrile-water solvent mixture, the hydrogenation resulted in a meso/dl ratio of 72/28, while in the hydrogenation over rhodium on carbon the meso/dl ratio was 29/71. The phenomenon of diastereoselection in the hydrogenation is explained by the stereochemistry of the hydrogen addition, considering the cis-trans isomerization on the catalyst surface, the possible enolization, and the competing C=C and C=O reductions.
Keywords:heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation;C = C and C = O double bonds;diastereoselectivity;cis-trans isomerization;hydrogenolysis