Advances in environmental legislation encourage local communities and manufacturers to optimise waste management. Solid wastes and by-products previously usually stocked, or dumped, are now subjected to new environmental and economical constraints. During the last few years, work by EDF Research and Development has developed new thermal processes dedicated to valorisation of industrial products including incineration residues and urban wastes. These processes guarantee the valorisation of more than 99% of the initial mass of the waste, by vitrification or high temperature treatment associated with granulation or metal extraction. Use of the electric arc furnace, a reliable process, has been selected and specifically optimised to provide the main structure of these processes. Mass ratio, efficiencies and product quality results will indicate the process performance, and the cost treatment will be specified. Bottom ashes, fly ashes from incineration, metallurgy by-products and effluent treatment sludge became new raw materials as a result of different applications, of the electric are furnace.