Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.204, No.1-2, 173-184, 2002
Multistage electrodialysis for large-scale separation of racemic mixtures
A new counter-current process has been developed for large-scale enantiomer separations, based on a combination of enantioselective complexation in solution, counter-current fractionation and electrodialysis, The counter-current principle is obtained by the electrophoretic transport of the free enantiomer through size-selective membranes, whereas, the complexed enantiomer is retained by the membranes and is transported with the liquid flow in the opposite direction. This design has been validated in an electrodialysis stack containing 20 membrane compartments. A racemic mixture has been fed at one side of the closed system, simulating one half of a complete separation apparatus. Using this set-up the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) and the concentrations of both enantiomers have been deter-mined, as a function of the current density at a constant liquid flow velocity. As a model system the separation Of D,L-tryptophan in combination with alpha-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector is used. Despite the low selectivity of this selector (1,12), an e.e. difference of 14% has been obtained. Based on these experimental data, model calculations have shown that using an electrodialysis stack of 250 membrane compartments a complete separation (e.e. > 99%) can be accomplished for this system. The proposed multi-stage electrodialysis separation principle has the advantage of using elements from existing analytical separation methods. As this method is suitable for low selective (1.1-2) chiral selectors, it provides a viable alternative for the current large-scale enantiomer separation processes.