The size and structure of complexes formed in dilute aqueous solutions by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC, and sodium palmitate have been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. Internal contrast variation by using protonated and deuterated surfactants has been performed. Rodlike complex aggregates of polymer and surfactant with lengths of a few thousand angstroms have been observed. The cross section of aggregates (diameter, 50-55 Angstrom) shows a shell structure with an inner surfactant core and an outer polymer shell. There is also a mixing layer of polymer and surfactant. The aggregates are flexible (persistence length of the order of 150 Angstrom). The observed structure of the aggregates does not follow the well-known pearl-necklace model developed for poly(ethylene oxide)/sodium dodecyl sulfate complexes.